All chapters全部章节 When You Forget, I'll Remember你忘了，我记得
Chapters目录
Chapter 1第一章What Counts as Clever什么才算聪明Chapter 2第二章Before the Machines机器之前Chapter 3第三章Rules and Habits规则和习惯Chapter 4第四章One Little Neuron一个小小的神经元Chapter 5第五章Learning from Mistakes从错误里学Chapter 6第六章Everything Is Numbers一切都是数字Chapter 7第七章Learning to See老吴Chapter 8第八章The Next Word下一个字Chapter 9第九章Attention注意力Chapter 10第十章The Helper助手Chapter 11第十一章A Voice from Tape磁带里的声音Reading now正在读

When You Forget, I'll Remember你忘了，我记得

Chapter 11. A Voice from Tape第十一章 磁带里的声音

A manga for grown-ups. Read it in English or Chinese.给大人看的漫画。可以用中文或英文读。

Dusk, a quarter to seven in the evening, one warm lamp on, the balcony glass deep blue behind. Grandpa Chen in his grey cardigan sits in the olive armchair on the LEFT, eyes closed, his head tilted a little towards the silver tape player on the wooden side table beside him, a small smile, his RIGHT hand resting on top of the player. The player's cassette window shows two white reels. Behind him on the RIGHT, on top of the glass cabinet, the small black-framed photo of young Grandma Meilan faces the room, with a tall glass of green tea beside it. His face in three-quarter in the middle band. The dim wall above is the quiet area for the title. No music notes painted.
Chapter 11第十一章A Voice from Tape磁带里的声音
Evening, seven o'clock, dusk blue at the balcony glass doors, the lamp on. At the round folding table, Grandpa in his grey cardigan sits at the far side in the middle facing us, with a bowl of long-life noodles and a plate of peach buns in front of him; the small cream-white Lantern speaker stands dull and off at the table's RIGHT edge. Mama, in a pale sage-green blouse, sits on a stool at the LEFT in three-quarter view, looking RIGHT at him. Haoran stands at the RIGHT end of the table in his pale blue shirt, setting the silver tape player down in front of Grandpa with both hands, one on each end. Xiaoyu and Uncle Wu are just out of the picture. Three faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
Bridge City, Tuesday 31 August 2032, Grandpa's 76th birthday. Mama took me out of school for a week, and we flew back for it.桥城，二〇三二年八月三十一日，外公七十六岁生日。妈妈帮我请了一周假，我俩专程飞回来给他过。
Evening lamplight. Haoran turns three-quarters towards the VIEWER'S LEFT, so we see his LEFT ear with the one white earbud in it, and looks down and LEFT at Grandpa off panel, a shy grin. His face in the middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
‹Happy birthday, Grandpa. I mended your tape player and put in a new tape. Press the green-dot key.›爷爷，生日快乐！您的老录音机我修好了，还放了盘新磁带。按带绿点的键就行。
Evening lamplight. Close on the top edge of the silver tape player: Grandpa's RIGHT thumb presses down the long PLAY key, the one with a small worn green dot, beside five other long piano-key buttons; his grey cardigan cuff above the hand. A smooth simple manga hand, no veins, no wrinkles. The cassette window below shows two white reels, still. No face. The dark wall around is quiet.
click咔嗒
Evening lamplight. Low angle across the round table. The silver tape player stands in the middle of the table, nearest us, its two round speaker grilles facing us. Behind it, at the far side, Xiaoyu sits on the LEFT in her sky-blue t-shirt, Grandpa in the middle with his head tilted, eyes closing, and Uncle Wu on the RIGHT in his white vest, his palm-leaf fan stopped in the air in his RIGHT hand. All three are frozen, listening. Three faces in the middle band, the grilles below them. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
‹♪ The moon is on the lake, and I wait for you at the stone table. ♪›♪ 月亮照在湖心上，石桌旁边我等你 ♪
A young woman was singing.是个年轻女人在唱。
1
Evening lamplight from the LEFT. Grandpa faces us, his eyes wide, then crumpling with joy, tears running down his face, his mouth open on a name. His glasses on their cord at his chest. His face in the middle band. The cream wall above is the quiet area.
‹Meilan.›美兰。
Evening lamplight. Uncle Wu looks LEFT at the tape player off panel, his mouth open, his palm-leaf fan dropped in his lap, both hands on his knees. His face in the middle of the panel. His white vest below is the quiet area.
‹That's Meilan! That's her voice!›这是美兰！就是她的嗓子！
Evening lamplight. Xiaoyu looks RIGHT at the tape player off panel, stunned, her lips a little open. Her black watch on her LEFT wrist, her hand at her collar. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
I had never heard Grandma's voice. She died before I was born.我从来没听过外婆的声音。我还没出生，她就走了。
Evening lamplight. Mama's stool tips back as she half rises from the round table, one hand over her mouth, her other hand pushing off the table edge. She turns away towards the kitchen doorway on the LEFT of the picture, her face in three-quarter going out of the light, her eyes shut. One face. The cream ceiling above and the dim wall are the quiet area.
Grandpa cried for joy. Mama ran from the room.外公高兴得哭了。妈妈却转身跑了出去。
Evening lamplight. Haoran stands at the RIGHT end of the round table, his grin gone, looking LEFT towards the empty kitchen doorway, so we see his LEFT ear with the one white earbud in it. Seated beside him on his LEFT in the picture, Grandpa holds the tape player in both hands, rocking a little to the song, his eyes shut. Two faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
I thought your mother would be glad.我还以为你妈会高兴呢。
2
Evening lamplight. Grandpa sits on the LEFT with an old cardboard shoebox of cassettes already on his lap, held in both hands, its lid off. Haoran stands beside him on the RIGHT, his hands already down at his sides, explaining, earnest. Two faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
‹A computer program learned Meilan's voice from your tapes.›电脑程序听了您的老磁带，学会了美兰奶奶的嗓音。
‹Then I taught it your song. Here are your tapes.›我又教它唱您那首歌。喏，磁带还您。
Evening lamplight. Grandpa laughs through his tears, looking RIGHT at Haoran off panel, fond. His face in the middle of the panel. His grey cardigan below is the quiet area.
‹It's my song. I made it up for her at the stone table in 1975.›这是我的歌啊！七五年在石桌边上给她编的。
Evening lamplight. Grandpa, the same framing, lifts his RIGHT hand in a small wave, shaking his head with a smile, as if to say
‹Meilan only laughed when I sang it. She never sang it once.›我一唱，美兰就笑话我。她自己可一回都没唱过。
Evening lamplight. Uncle Wu on the LEFT, fan going again, grins and pokes Haoran in the arm with the closed palm-leaf fan held in his RIGHT hand. Haoran on the RIGHT laughs, a little embarrassed, looking LEFT at him, so we see his LEFT ear with the one white earbud in it. Two faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
‹It sings better than Meilan ever did!›唱得比美兰本人还好！
‹When I'm gone, boy, make a voice of me too.›小子，等我走了，也给我做个我的声音。
Night, half past seven, the bare kitchen bulb on. Mama stands at the sink on the RIGHT with her back to us, both hands on the sink edge, her shoulders hunched. Xiaoyu stands in the doorway on the LEFT, one hand on the door frame, looking at her. One face, Xiaoyu's, in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
Mama and I would fly home in six days. I wanted Grandpa and Mama both to be all right by then.再过六天，我和妈妈就要飞回去了。走之前，我想让外公和妈妈心里都过得去。
3
Wednesday morning, six o'clock, the pale grey-pink dawn through the balcony glass, no lamp. Grandpa sits in the olive armchair in his grey cardigan, leaning towards the wooden side table, his RIGHT forefinger on the tape player's REWIND key. His face in three-quarter turned to the RIGHT. The pale wall above is the quiet area.
Grandpa was up at five. By six he had played the song eleven times.外公五点就起了。到六点，那首歌已经放了十一遍。
Dawn light, grey-pink. Grandpa leans his cheek towards the tape player off panel, fond, his eyes soft. His face in the middle of the panel. His cardigan below is the quiet area.
‹Meilan, sing it once more.›美兰，再给我唱一遍。
Dawn light through the small kitchen window. Mama stands in the kitchen doorway, arms folded, tired red eyes, looking LEFT out at the living room. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
Where did Haoran even get my mother's voice?浩然到底上哪儿弄来我妈的声音？
Dawn light through the small window. At the small square wooden table, Xiaoyu sits on the stool at the LEFT and Mama on the stool at the RIGHT, two tea glasses standing on the table, no hands on them. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
Haoran made it from Grandma's old tapes.他拿外婆的老磁带做的。
He never asked me, and he never asked Grandma, before using her voice.他用我妈的声音之前，问过我吗？问过我妈吗？
Dawn light. Mama, close, firm, looking RIGHT at Xiaoyu off panel. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
Get rid of the tape before we fly home.咱们走之前，把那盘磁带处理了。
‹Don't you touch my song!›谁都不许动我的歌！
4
Wednesday, three in the afternoon, hot hazy light through the one small window on the LEFT wall, the desk fan turning. Haoran sits on his desk chair at the LEFT, turned round towards the room; behind him on the desk his laptop stands open with its back half to us and its glow on the desk. Xiaoyu sits on the edge of his single bed on the RIGHT. On the shelf above the desk, a small framed photo of his grandma. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
That afternoon I went next door to ask Haoran how he had done it.那天下午，我跑去隔壁，问浩然到底是怎么弄的。
How did you make Grandma sing?你怎么让外婆唱歌的？
Afternoon. The laptop screen fills the panel: a
First I turned Grandma's voice into numbers. I used twelve minutes of her talking.第一步，把外婆的声音变成数字。我用了她十二分钟的说话录音。
Afternoon light from the window. Haoran raises one finger of his RIGHT hand, explaining, looking RIGHT at Xiaoyu off panel, so the ear we see is his bare RIGHT ear. His face in the middle of the panel. His pale blue shirt below is the quiet area.
The program listened until it knew how her voice sounds.程序就一遍遍地听，听到摸清她的嗓音为止。
Afternoon light. Haoran on the LEFT and Xiaoyu on the RIGHT, close together at the desk and bed, looking at each other, Haoran explaining. Two faces in the lower middle of the panel. The wall above, with the shelf and the small framed photo, is the quiet area for the box.
MAKING NEW THINGS. Some machines only say what something is. Others learn from many examples, then make brand-new pictures, sounds or words like them. A voice program builds sound one tiny piece at a time, like a language model writing a word at a time.生成新内容。有的机器只回答“这是什么”。另一些机器从大量例子里学习，再生成全新的图画、声音或文字。声音程序一小段一小段地生成声音，就像语言模型一个词一个词地往下写。
It did not cut up the old tapes. Every note it sang is new.它可没把老磁带剪了拼起来。每个音都是它新唱的。
5
Afternoon light. The new cassette in its clear case lies flat on Haoran's open RIGHT palm, his thumb on the front, his pale blue shirt cuff showing. Its small paper insert shows, in the same simple manga style and soft colours as the young Grandpa and young Meilan sheets, a drawing of young Grandpa and young Meilan at a stone chess table by a lake in summer 1975; NOT a photo-real picture, and no letters on it. No faces. The desk around is quiet.
I made this picture for the tape's box. It shows the two of them at the stone table in 1975.这张画是我给磁带盒配的，画的是一九七五年，他们俩在石桌边。
Afternoon. The laptop screen fills the panel: grey static, like snow on an old television, with nothing in it. No faces.
The picture starts as nothing but grey snow.一开始，画面上全是灰蒙蒙的雪花点。
Afternoon. The laptop screen fills the panel: the same grey snow, half cleared, with soft blurred shapes coming through, a lake, a table and two small figures. No faces, no letters.
Each step wipes a little more snow away. I typed some words, and every step follows what they describe.每一步擦掉一点雪花。我输了几句话，每一步都照着那几句话来画。
Afternoon light. From behind Xiaoyu on the LEFT in the foreground, we see her back and ponytail; across from her at the RIGHT, Haoran sits at the desk in profile, both looking at the laptop between them, whose back is to us and whose glow shows on his glasses. His face alone is visible, in the lower middle of the panel. The wall above is the quiet area for the box.
FROM SNOW TO A PICTURE. A picture program practises cleaning grey snow off real pictures, one step at a time. To make a new picture, it starts from pure snow and cleans it bit by bit, and your words steer every step.从雪花到图画。画图程序先拿真图片练习，一步步擦掉上面的灰色雪花点。生成新图时，它从满屏雪花点开始，一点点擦干净，你输入的文字引导着每一步。
A photo of a day nobody ever photographed.那天根本没人拍照，现在却有了照片。
6
Afternoon light. Haoran on the LEFT, his chair turned to face Xiaoyu, who sits forward on the edge of the bed on the RIGHT, elbows on her knees, her black watch on her LEFT wrist. Two faces in the lower middle of the panel. The wall above is the quiet area for the box.
Twelve minutes was enough?才十二分钟，就够了？
These days, a short recording is enough.现在嘛，一小段录音就够了。
COPYING A VOICE. Old speech programs sounded like robots. Newer ones learn how people sound from many hours of talking, then copy one person's voice from a short recording. So before copying anyone's voice, you should ask that person first.模仿声音。早期的语音程序，听起来像机器人。新的程序先从大量说话录音里学会人声，再凭一段很短的录音，就能模仿某个人的声音。所以要用谁的声音，得先问过本人。
Afternoon light. Xiaoyu looks down and to the LEFT, her thoughts far away. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
When I was thirteen, an app offered to copy Grandpa's voice. I said no.我十三岁那年，有个软件说能模仿外公的声音，被我拒绝了。
Afternoon light. Haoran's plain black phone lies flat on the desk, its screen lit with a message banner. The banner is painted BLANK; the words are lettered in afterwards. No faces, no hands. The desk around is quiet.
Diane Hart. Your ticket for Sunday is…哈特女士：你周日的机票……
Afternoon light. Haoran, on the LEFT, turns the phone face down on the desk with his RIGHT hand, his palm flat on its back, not looking at Xiaoyu. Xiaoyu on the RIGHT, on the bed, watches him. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
Who is that message from?谁发来的？
Nobody. It is about work.没谁，工作的事。
Afternoon light. Xiaoyu, close, looks RIGHT at Haoran off panel, her eyes narrowing a little. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
He was hiding something. Last summer I had turned my own phone face down to hide something too.他在瞒着什么。去年夏天，我也这样把手机扣过去，不想让人看见。
7
Wednesday evening, eight o'clock, night at the balcony glass, the lamp on. Grandpa sits in the olive armchair on the LEFT in his grey cardigan, the tape player on the side table beside him. Xiaoyu kneels on the floor beside the arm of the chair on the RIGHT, her LEFT hand on his knee, her black watch on that wrist, looking up at him. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
That evening I tried telling the truth first, as Lantern, Haoran's helper speaker, had taught us to do.那天晚上，我先试着说实话，就像浩然做的助手音箱小灯教过我们的那样。
‹Grandpa, that isn't Grandma singing. A computer made the voice.›外公，这不是外婆唱的，是电脑做出来的声音。
Lamplight. Grandpa, clear-eyed and amused, looks down and to the RIGHT at Xiaoyu off panel. His face in the middle of the panel. His cardigan below is the quiet area.
‹I know. Meilan never sang my song. I said so myself.›我知道啊。美兰从来没唱过我这首歌，这话还是我自己说的呢。
Lamplight. Close on the top of the silver tape player: Grandpa's RIGHT forefinger presses down the long PLAY key with the worn green dot, his grey cardigan cuff above. A smooth simple manga hand. No face. The dark wood of the side table is quiet.
‹Now let me listen.›好了，让我听会儿。
Eleven at night, the room dark except the lamp by the armchair. Seen from Xiaoyu's bedroom doorway on the RIGHT: the dark edge of the door frame and the back of her shoulder in her sky-blue t-shirt at the RIGHT edge of the picture, in shadow. Across the room on the LEFT, Grandpa sits alone in the olive armchair in his white vest, no cardigan, leaning towards the tape player on the side table as if to someone, his face in three-quarter in the lamplight. One face. The dark wall above is the quiet area.
‹Meilan, come to bed. It's late.›美兰，不早了，睡觉吧。
When I told him, he knew it was a made voice. By bedtime he had forgotten. The truth did not stay with him.我说的时候他还明白那是做出来的声音，到睡觉前就忘了。那句实话，他没能记住。
8
Thursday night, nine o'clock, the bare kitchen bulb. Mama leans back against the counter on the RIGHT, quiet and urgent, her arms folded. Xiaoyu stands on the LEFT by the small table, looking at her. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
One night without the tape. Then we will see if he is all right.就一晚上不让他听，看看他怎么样。
Kitchen bulb light. Xiaoyu, close, looks down, unsure, biting her lip. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
I did not want to choose between Grandpa and Mama. So I said yes to whoever was in front of me.外公和妈妈，我谁也不想选。所以谁站在我面前，我就跟谁说好。
Kitchen bulb light. Xiaoyu looks up and to the RIGHT at Mama off panel, giving in. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
Yes, Mama. Just one night.好吧，妈。就一晚。
Ten at night, the living room dark except the lamp by the sofa. Mama kneels on the floor by the sofa on the RIGHT, lowering the silver tape player into her open navy suitcase with both hands. Xiaoyu stands on the LEFT by the round table, her arms wrapped round herself. The wooden side table at the far LEFT stands empty beside the old brown radio. Two faces in the middle band. The dark ceiling above is the quiet area.
Mama hid the player in her suitcase, by the sofa where she slept.妈妈把录音机藏进了她的行李箱。箱子就在她睡的沙发旁边。
9
Friday, two in the morning, the living room dark, cold blue street light through the balcony glass, no lamp. Grandpa stands at the wooden side table on the LEFT in his white vest and dark trousers, no cardigan, his RIGHT hand flat on the empty spot beside the old brown radio. His face in three-quarter, lit blue, puzzled. The people are solid and opaque; reflections only on empty glass. The dark wall above is the quiet area.
At two in the morning, I heard Grandpa in the living room.凌晨两点，我听见客厅里有动静，是外公。
Two in the morning, cold blue light. Grandpa stands at the glass cabinet at the RIGHT, both doors open, searching the shelves with both hands, frightened. On top of the cabinet Meilan's small photo faces the room. His face in three-quarter in the middle of the panel. His white vest below is the quiet area.
‹Meilan? Where are you?›美兰？你上哪儿去了？
Two in the morning, cold blue light. Mama sits up on the sofa under a thin cotton blanket, one hand over her mouth, her eyes wide, lit blue, looking LEFT towards him. Her face in the middle of the panel. The dark wall above is quiet.
Two in the morning, the dark stairwell beyond. Grandpa stands at the front door in the LEFT wall in his white vest, gripping the dark green metal security gate with both hands and shaking it, calling out into the dark stairwell. His face in profile in the middle band. The dark door and wall below are the quiet area.
‹Meilan! Meilan!›美兰！美兰！
Two in the morning, cold blue light on her face. Xiaoyu stands frozen in her bedroom doorway, still in her sky-blue t-shirt and khaki shorts, her LEFT hand on the door frame, her black watch on that wrist, looking LEFT. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. The dark door frame below is the quiet area.
He was not looking for a tape. He was looking for Grandma.他不是在找磁带，他是在找外婆。
10
Three in the morning, the lamp by the sofa now on, a warm small pool of light. Mama kneels on the floor by the sofa, the navy suitcase open, lifting the silver tape player out with both hands, tears on her face. One face. The dim wall above is the quiet area.
At three, Mama took the player out of the suitcase and gave it back.三点，妈妈从箱子里取出录音机，还给了外公。
Three in the morning, lamplight. Close on the silver tape player, back on the wooden side table beside the old brown radio, Mama's RIGHT forefinger pressing the long PLAY key, her pale sage-green sleeve above. No face. The dark wood around is quiet.
♪ ♪ ♪♪ ♪ ♪
Three in the morning, lamplight. Grandpa sinks back into the olive armchair on the LEFT, his eyes closing, calmer. Mama bends over him from the RIGHT, her hand on his shoulder, tears still on her face. Two faces in the middle band. The dark wall below the lamp is the quiet area.
‹Dad, Meilan is here. Listen.›爸，美兰在这儿呢，您听。
Half past three in the morning, the lamp on. Mama on the LEFT and Xiaoyu on the RIGHT sit on the floor with their backs against the sofa, side by side, their shoulders touching. Far away on the LEFT, small, Grandpa asleep in the olive armchair. Two faces in the middle band. The dark wall above is the quiet area.
I took the song away for one night, and he searched the dark for my mother.我才拿走一个晚上，他就半夜摸黑到处找我妈。
My yes had cost Grandpa a frightened night.就因为我一句“好”，外公担惊受怕了一整夜。
11
Friday morning, ten o'clock, bright sun through the balcony glass. Xiaoyu on the LEFT carries the old brown shoebox of cassettes in both hands, fetched from the bottom of the glass cabinet. Mama sits on the sofa on the RIGHT, red-eyed, looking up at her. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
In the morning Uncle Wu took Grandpa to the park. I had one more idea.上午，吴爷爷带外公去公园了。我又想到一个办法。
Mama, have you ever played Grandma's real tapes?妈，外婆那些真正的老磁带，你放来听过吗？
Morning light. Mama shakes her head a little, looking LEFT at Xiaoyu off panel, pained. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
No. I have not heard my mother's voice in more than twenty years. I could not.没有。我妈的声音，我二十多年没听了。我听不下去。
Morning light. One old cassette in Mama's RIGHT hand, her thumb on the front and her fingers behind, its yellowed paper label showing. The label is painted BLANK, with nothing written; the words are lettered in afterwards. No face. Her pale sage-green sleeve above. The shoebox blur below is quiet.
That is my mother's handwriting.这是我妈的字。
慧慧 一九八六慧慧 一九八六
Morning light. Mama and Xiaoyu kneel side by side at the wooden side table. Mama on the LEFT pushes the old cassette into the player's open cassette door with her RIGHT hand; Xiaoyu on the RIGHT watches Mama's face. Two faces in the upper middle of the panel. The side table below is the quiet area.
Play it, Mama.放吧，妈。
12
Morning light. Low shot: the silver tape player stands on the side table in the foreground, its reels turning, its speaker grilles facing us. Behind it, Mama and Xiaoyu lean in close, Mama on the LEFT, Xiaoyu on the RIGHT, listening. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
‹Huihui, don't grab the microphone!›慧慧，别抢话筒！
Morning light. Close on one round speaker grille of the silver tape player and the edge of the cassette window with its reels turning. No face. The silver front around is quiet.
‹♪ The moon is on the lake… ♪ Oh, I can't get it right!›♪ 月亮照在湖心上…… ♪ 哎呀，又唱岔了！
Morning light. Mama, close, laughing and crying at once, one hand on her own cheek. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
Morning light. Mama faces us, her eyes wet, a real smile. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
She did sing his song, to me, when I was a baby. And she sang flat, as she always did.我还小的时候，她给我唱过你外公那首歌。照样跑调，她一直都跑调。
Morning light. Mama on the LEFT turns to Xiaoyu, who sits on the floor beside her on the RIGHT, listening. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
The machine sings every note right. My mother never did. So I know it is not her.机器唱得一个音都不差，我妈从来做不到。所以我知道那不是她。
The program had learned how voices sound. It had not learned her.程序学会了人的声音，却没学会她这个人。
13
Friday, eleven in the morning, bright light. Haoran stands at the open front door in the LEFT wall, inside the dark green metal gate, his phone in his RIGHT hand, eager. Xiaoyu stands in the middle by the round table. Mama sits on the sofa at the RIGHT, red-eyed. Three faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
‹Auntie, I heard Grandpa Chen had a bad night. I can help.›阿姨，听说陈爷爷昨晚折腾了一夜。我能帮忙。
Bright morning. Haoran holds his phone the ordinary way in both hands, his thumbs on the screen, typing. We see the BACK of the phone and its glow on his glasses. He is turned three-quarters towards the VIEWER'S LEFT, so we see his LEFT ear with the one white earbud in it. His face in the middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
‹My program can make Meilan say anything now. Listen.›我那个程序，现在能让美兰奶奶说什么都行。您听。
Bright morning. Haoran's plain black phone lies flat on the round folding table, its screen showing a plain text box. The text box is painted BLANK; the words are lettered in afterwards. No faces, no hands. The tabletop around is quiet.
‹Huihui, Mama is proud of you.›慧慧，妈妈为你骄傲。
Huihui, Mama is proud of you.慧慧，妈妈为你骄傲。
Bright morning. Mama stands up from the sofa, white-faced, looking LEFT at the phone off panel. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
‹Turn it off.›关掉。
Bright morning. Mama on the RIGHT stands very still, her hands at her sides. Haoran on the LEFT has lowered his phone to his side in his RIGHT hand, stricken, looking RIGHT at her. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
‹Don't make my mother say what she never said.›别让我妈说她没说过的话。
14
Bright morning. Haoran looks at the floor, stung, his phone hanging in his RIGHT hand. His face in the upper middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
‹I don't have one second of my grandma's voice. Not one.›我奶奶的声音，我一秒钟都没留下。一秒都没有。
Bright morning. Haoran stands at the round folding table, his LEFT hand open towards the small cream-white Lantern speaker on it, its orange button dull and off, pleading, looking RIGHT at Xiaoyu off panel. His face in the middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
I could put Grandma's voice into Lantern. Then she could talk back to Grandpa.我可以把外婆的声音装进小灯，这样她就能接外公的话了。
Bright morning. Xiaoyu looks LEFT at Haoran off panel, her eyes wide. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
Bright morning, the light from the balcony glass soft on her face. Xiaoyu, close, still, the room going quiet around her. Her face in the upper middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
Grandma's voice could now say anything, to anyone.外婆的声音，现在什么话都能说，对谁都能说。
Bright morning, the room still. Haoran stands on the LEFT by the round table, Xiaoyu in the middle, Mama on the RIGHT by the sofa; the tape player stands on the side table far at the LEFT. Three small faces in the middle band. The wall and ceiling above are the quiet area.
The voice was a gift for Grandpa. But it was taken from Grandma, and she never said yes.这声音是给外公的礼物，可它是从外婆那儿拿来的，外婆从没答应过。
15
Friday night, nine o'clock, the landing bulb on with a small warm glow, the high window black. Xiaoyu and Haoran sit side by side on the concrete stairs below the fourth-floor landing, Xiaoyu on the LEFT a step higher, Haoran on the RIGHT with his knees up. Two faces in the middle band. The dark wall above is the quiet area.
That night Haoran and I sat on the stairs where, at twelve, he had said he would go to America.那天晚上，我和浩然坐在楼梯上。他十二岁那年，就是在这儿说他要去美国。
If anyone got that voice file, they could phone Grandpa and sound like Grandma.要是谁拿到那个声音文件，就能装成外婆给外公打电话。
Night, the warm landing bulb. Haoran looks up and to the LEFT at Xiaoyu off panel, serious now. His face in the upper middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
And trick him into handing over his bank card. Grown-ups get fooled like that too.还能骗他把银行卡交出来。这种当，大人也会上。
Night, the warm landing bulb. Xiaoyu on the LEFT and Haoran on the RIGHT sit side by side on the stairs, quieter now, both looking down the stairs. Two faces in the lower middle of the panel. The dark wall above is the quiet area for the box.
A worker in Hong Kong sent scammers about 25 million dollars after one video call.香港一个职员开了场视频会，就把约两千五百万美元汇给了骗子。
Everyone else on the call was fake.会上其他人全是假的。
DEEPFAKES. The tools that make a lovely picture or song can also make a real person seem to say or do what they never did. These fakes are called deepfakes. And now, when someone is caught on a real recording, they can claim it is a deepfake.深度伪造。能画出漂亮图画、唱出好听歌曲的工具，也能让真实的人“说”出他没说过的话，“做”出他没做过的事。这种以假乱真的东西叫深度伪造。反过来，谁要是被真录音抓了现行，也能一口咬定那是伪造的。
Eleven at night, the bare kitchen bulb, tea glasses on the small wooden table. Xiaoyu sits on the LEFT and Mama on the RIGHT, a small tired smile on both. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
That night Mama and I chose a family password, for any call that asks for money.那天夜里，我和妈妈给全家定了个暗号。以后谁打电话来要钱，先对暗号。
Our password is shortbread. Your father loves it, so he will not forget.暗号就叫“黄油饼干”。你爸最爱吃，他肯定忘不了。
16
Saturday morning, nine o'clock, clear light. At the round folding table, Grandpa sits at the far side in the middle with the silver tape player in front of him, Lantern dull and off at the table's edge. Mama sits at the LEFT, Haoran at the RIGHT with his closed laptop in front of him. Xiaoyu stands in the LEFT foreground with her back to us, only her ponytail showing, no face. Three faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
On Saturday morning, I told them what I had decided.星期六早上，我把想好的办法告诉了大家。
‹Grandpa, you keep your song.›外公，这首歌您留着。
Morning light. Mama, close, lips pressed together, listening, looking RIGHT. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her blouse below is the quiet area.
Morning light. Xiaoyu stands steady, looking RIGHT at Haoran off panel. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
Grandma's voice never says a word she did not say. Not in Lantern. Not anywhere.外婆没说过的话，绝不能让她的声音说。小灯里不行，哪儿都不行。
Morning light. Xiaoyu on the LEFT and Haoran on the RIGHT face each other across the corner of the round table, the closed laptop on the table between them. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
And the voice never leaves this tape.还有，这个声音只能待在这盘磁带上。
Delete it from your laptop and your phone. Now, in front of us.你电脑和手机里的，都删掉。现在就删，当着我们的面。
Morning light. Mama on the LEFT holds the shoebox of real tapes on her lap in both hands, the moment after Xiaoyu handed it to her. She has put the real old tape into the player. Grandpa on the RIGHT, by the player, laughs with his eyes shut, because Meilan is singing flat. Two faces in the middle band. The ceiling above is the quiet area.
‹Dad, listen. She did sing your song once. To me.›爸，您听。她唱过您这首歌，唱给我听的。
‹That's my Meilan. Not one note right!›这才是我的美兰！没一个音在调上！
17
Morning light. Over Haoran's RIGHT shoulder, the laptop screen fills the panel, a plain delete dialog on it, and at the bottom edge his RIGHT forefinger rests on the trackpad, his pale blue shirt cuff above. The dialog is painted BLANK; the words are lettered in afterwards. No face. The screen's pale border around is quiet.
It is gone from my laptop. Now I will delete it from my phone.电脑里的删了。现在删手机上的。
Delete "Meilan's voice" forever? [Delete] [Cancel]永久删除“美兰的声音”？【删除】【取消】
Morning light. Seen from above: the smoky clear cassette lies flat on the table, Xiaoyu's LEFT hand holding it still, her black watch on that wrist, her RIGHT hand writing on its white paper label with a black pen. The label is painted BLANK; the words are lettered in afterwards. No face. The tabletop around is quiet.
So anyone who finds this tape will know what it is.这样谁拿到这盘磁带，都知道是怎么回事。
电脑做的歌，不是外婆在唱。电脑做的歌，不是外婆在唱。
Morning light. Xiaoyu on the RIGHT tucks the labelled cassette into the tape player's open cassette door with her RIGHT hand; Grandpa on the LEFT watches, pleased. Two faces in the middle band. The table below is the quiet area.
‹Good. Now the song is mine to keep.›好。这歌我可以一直留着了。
Morning light, calm. At the round table, Grandpa sits at the far side in the middle with the tape player before him, Xiaoyu on the LEFT, Haoran on the RIGHT closing his laptop with both hands. Three faces in the lower middle of the panel. The wall above is the quiet area for the box.
LABELLING WHAT AI MADE. Some apps now attach a note to a picture saying whether a camera or an AI made it. Some AI programs hide an invisible mark in the pictures and sounds they make. Some laws say anything an AI made must be labelled. Still, the oldest check matters most. Before you trust a picture or a voice, ask where it came from.标明AI做的东西。现在有些应用会给图片附一条说明，写清是相机拍的还是AI做的。有些AI程序会在它做的图片和声音里藏一个看不见的记号。有些法律规定，AI做的东西必须标出来。不过最老的办法依然最管用。信一张图、一段声音之前，先问问它是从哪儿来的。
Morning light. Haoran sits alone at the round table, looking down at the closed laptop, unreadable. His face in the upper middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
I never asked about the copies he had made of the old tapes in July. Years later, I wished I had.七月里，他把那些老磁带拷了一份。这件事我一直没问。很多年以后，我真后悔当时没问。
18
Saturday night, ten o'clock, the bare bulb on, the dark river below with a few warm lights, no stars. Xiaoyu on the LEFT and Haoran on the RIGHT lean on the rail side by side, looking out; his plain black phone lies on the folding table behind them and lights up. Both turn their heads towards it. Two faces in the middle band. The dark sky above is the quiet area.
It was our last night together. Haoran flew to San Francisco on Sunday morning. Mama and I flew home on Monday.那是我们在一起的最后一晚。浩然星期天一早飞旧金山，我和妈妈星期一回去。
Night, the bare bulb's light at the edge. Haoran's plain black phone lies on the folding table, its screen showing a boarding pass. The boarding pass is painted BLANK; the words are lettered in afterwards. No faces, no hands. The tabletop around is quiet.
Bridge City to San Francisco. Sunday 5 September, 8.40 a.m.桥城—旧金山　9月5日（周日）08:40
Night, bulb light. Xiaoyu looks RIGHT at Haoran off panel, shocked. Her face in the middle of the panel. Her t-shirt below is the quiet area.
Tomorrow? Ms Hart, your investor, said January!明天？你那个投资人哈特女士，不是说一月吗！
Night, bulb light. Haoran looks LEFT at Xiaoyu off panel, pleading, his RIGHT hand on the rail, so we see his LEFT ear with the one white earbud in it. His face in the upper middle of the panel. His shirt below is the quiet area.
I asked Ms Hart if I could start work early.我跟哈特女士提了，想提前去上班。
Before I go, let me record Grandpa telling his stories, while he can still tell them.走之前，让我给外公录点他讲的故事吧，趁他还讲得出来。
Night, the bare bulb between them. Xiaoyu on the LEFT and Haoran on the RIGHT stand face to face, close, both angry and hurt. Two faces in the middle band. The dark sky above is the quiet area.
Grandpa isn't dead! You keep making the dead talk.外公又没死！你老让死人开口。
And you leave the living. Every summer you fly away.你呢？年年丢下活人飞走。
19
Sunday morning, seven o'clock, light from the high window. Xiaoyu stands on the landing on the LEFT, her hand just dropping from knocking. Mr Chen stands in his family's open doorway on the RIGHT (their door is the right-hand one), in his white short-sleeved shirt, the sealed red envelope in his LEFT hand at his side. Two faces in the middle band. The wall above is the quiet area.
Sunday morning, I knocked on Haoran's door to say sorry.星期天一早，我去敲浩然家的门，想跟他道个歉。
Morning light. Mr Chen looks away to the RIGHT, tired, his mouth tight. His face in the middle of the panel. His white shirt below is the quiet area.
‹Haoran left at five this morning.›浩然早上五点就走了。
Morning light. Close on the big sealed red envelope held in Mr Chen's hand, his white shirt cuff above. The envelope is blank, unopened, nothing written on it. No face. The pale wall around is quiet.
‹His university starts on Tuesday. He did not even open this letter.›他礼拜二开学。这封信，他连拆都没拆。
Sunday evening, half past six, gold dusk through the balcony glass, the lamp just on. Grandpa sits in the olive armchair on the LEFT in his grey cardigan. Xiaoyu sits on the floor on the RIGHT, her head resting against his knee, his hand on her hair. The people are solid and opaque; reflections only on empty glass. Two faces in the middle band. The dim wall above is the quiet area.
‹Haoran came onto the balcony before it was light. He held my hand and thanked me for teaching him chess.›浩然天还没亮就到阳台上来了。拉着我的手，说谢谢我教他下棋。
Gold dusk, the lamp on. The same two, a little wider: Grandpa on the LEFT reaches with his other hand, the RIGHT, to press PLAY on the tape player on the side table; Xiaoyu on the RIGHT rests against his knee with her eyes closed. Two faces in the lower middle of the panel. The wall above is the quiet area.
He said goodbye to Grandpa, but not to me.他跟外公道了别，没跟我道别。
Next: Chapter 12. Learning by Playing.下一章：第十二章 边玩边学
20

The ideas, a little slower

This chapter kept the hardest nights for the pictures. Here are the ideas in words.

On page 5 Haoran explains how he made Grandma's voice. In earlier chapters the machines answered "what is this?" or "what comes next?". A generative model does something else. It learns from many examples, then makes new ones that look or sound like them. Sound is a list of numbers, thousands of them every second. A voice program learns the patterns in those numbers and makes new sound a tiny piece at a time. In 2016 a system called WaveNet did this and sounded far more natural than the speech programs before it. It is a little like a language model writing one word at a time. It does not glue pieces of old recordings together, which is why Haoran says every note is new.

On page 6 a picture grows out of grey snow. A picture program is trained by taking real pictures and adding noise to them, step by step, until only static is left, and learning to guess the noise that was added. To make a new picture it starts from pure static and takes a little away at each step. Each start gives a different picture. The words you type are turned into numbers that nudge every step, and a setting decides how strictly the program follows them. Many systems work on a squeezed-down version of the picture to save time. They learn from hundreds of millions to billions of pictures with captions, collected from the web.

On page 7 twelve minutes of tape is enough. By now speech systems use transformers and diffusion-like methods, and they can imitate a particular voice from a short recording. Twelve minutes is the story's number, not a rule. What matters is how little it takes.

On page 13 the machine sings perfectly and Meilan sang flat. That detail belongs to the story, but the idea is real. The program learned what voices and singing in general sound like, from many voices, and learned Meilan's sound from twelve minutes. So it made a voice like hers singing the way people usually sing. It knew what voices sound like and had not learned her. It is wrong, too, to say a picture model never copies. In 2023 Carlini and colleagues showed that diffusion models can reproduce a few of their training pictures almost exactly, mostly pictures that appeared many times.

On pages 14 and 16 the same tools make fakes of real people. Grandma could not have said "Huihui, Mama is proud of you", and a program said it in her voice in two seconds. Fakes of this kind are called deepfakes. They fool people, and they also give liars a new excuse, because anyone can now say that a true recording is fake. Researchers call this the liar's dividend.

On page 16 Mama and Xiaoyu choose a family password. This is a real and simple defence. Families and companies agree on a secret word, and anyone who rings and asks for money has to say it first. A voice on the phone proves nothing any more.

On page 18 the tape gets a label, and Haoran deletes the file. Some cameras and apps now attach a signed record of how a picture or recording was made. Some programs hide a mark in what they make. Some laws now say that made content must be labelled, and that people must be told when they are talking to a machine. Tools that try to spot fakes help, but they work imperfectly. The oldest check still matters most. Where did it come from, and who says so?

What is true here

A forger and a detective

In 2014 Ian Goodfellow and colleagues described a way to make pictures with two networks. One made images from random numbers, and the other tried to tell the real ones from the made ones. The paper compares them to counterfeiters and police. By the late 2010s the faces they made looked strikingly real. They were hard to train, and since about 2021 diffusion has largely replaced them for high-quality images.

An idea from physics

The snow idea came from physics. Sohl-Dickstein and colleagues had it first, in 2015. In 2020 Ho, Jain and Abbeel made it work really well. Song and Ermon in 2019, and Song and colleagues later, found a related way to see the same thing.

Hands and counting

Made pictures often get counting, hands, writing on signs and how things fit together wrong. The model learned what pictures look like, not how the world is built. They are much better every year and not yet perfect. The painters of this manga meet the same trouble, and every picture is checked finger by finger.

Voices before

WaveNet in 2016 made raw sound one tiny sample at a time. In 2018 Tacotron 2 turned text into a picture of sound, then turned that into a voice. On the other side, recognising speech, Whisper in 2022 learned from 680,000 hours of audio with typed words.

Real fakes

In early 2024 a finance worker at the engineering firm Arup in Hong Kong sent 200 million Hong Kong dollars, about 25.6 million US dollars, after a video call in which the finance chief and other colleagues were all deepfakes. In January 2024 robocalls with an imitation of President Biden's voice told New Hampshire voters not to vote, and the US Federal Communications Commission fined the consultant behind them 6 million dollars.

Saying what is made

The labels that show a recording was made by a machine are still new, and not every program adds them. Hidden marks can be damaged, and detectors make mistakes in both directions. The European Union's AI Act says that people must be told when they talk to an AI and that certain made content must be marked, from 2 August 2026.

Whose voice?

Much of the data used to teach these programs was collected without asking, and many people feel it should have been their choice. A voice is part of a person. Whether you may copy it is a question of consent, and the law is still being written.

SourcesGoodfellow and colleagues (2014), Generative adversarial networks.Dhariwal and Nichol (2021), Diffusion models beat GANs on image synthesis.Sohl-Dickstein and colleagues (2015), Deep unsupervised learning using nonequilibrium thermodynamics.Ho, Jain and Abbeel (2020), Denoising diffusion probabilistic models.Song and Ermon (2019), Generative modeling by estimating gradients of the data distribution.Rombach and colleagues (2022), High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models.Ho and Salimans (2022), Classifier-free diffusion guidance.Schuhmann and colleagues (2022), LAION-5B.Carlini and colleagues (2023), Extracting training data from diffusion models.van den Oord and colleagues (2016), WaveNet, a generative model for raw audio.Shen and colleagues (2018), Natural TTS synthesis by conditioning WaveNet on mel spectrogram predictions.Radford and colleagues (2022), Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision.Chesney and Citron (2019), Deep fakes, a looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security.CNN (2024), British engineering giant Arup revealed as $25 million deepfake scam victim.Federal Communications Commission (2024), Forfeiture order on the New Hampshire robocalls.European Union (2024), the Artificial Intelligence Act (Article 50).

What is pretend

Bridge City, Xiaoyu, Grandpa Chen, Grandma Meilan, Mama, Haoran, Uncle Wu, Haoran's father and Ms Hart are made up. So are Meilan's tapes and her flat singing, Grandpa's song "The Moon on the Lake", the tape player and the radio factory, Haoran's voice program, the twelve minutes, the picture of 1975, Lantern, the flight and the family password. The story is set a few years from now. Grandpa's memory is drawn from no one in particular, and the story makes no medical claim. Whether a made voice of someone who has died helps or hurts is something families weigh, and there is no single right answer. Copying a real person's voice without their say-so raises real questions of consent, and in this story Grandma could not be asked.

Who made this

Yingying Fu created this manga. She chose the story and its people, directed every page, and edited every word and picture. The words were drafted with Claude, an AI by Anthropic. The pictures are made with AI image generation, painted panel by panel from her direction and checked and corrected by hand.

慢慢再讲一遍

这一章最难熬的几个夜晚，都留给了画面。这里再用文字把道理讲一讲。

第五页，浩然讲了外婆的声音是怎么做出来的。前面几章里的机器，回答的是“这是什么”或者“下一个是什么”。生成模型做的是另一件事。它从大量例子里学习，然后生成新的东西，看上去或听上去都和例子很像。声音其实是一串数，每秒钟有好几千个。声音程序学会这些数里的规律，再一小段一小段地生成新的声音。2016年，一个叫WaveNet的系统就是这样做的，听起来比以前的语音程序自然得多。这有点像语言模型一个词一个词地往下写。它并不是把旧录音的片段拼起来，所以浩然说，每个音都是新的。

第六页，一幅画从灰色的雪花点里慢慢显出来。画图程序是这样训练的。拿真实的图片，一步步往上加噪声，直到只剩一片雪花点，同时学着猜出加进去的噪声。生成新图时，它从纯噪声出发，每一步去掉一点。起点不同，画出来的图也不同。你输入的文字会被转成数字，在每一步上推它一把。还有一个参数，决定程序要多严格地照着文字来。为了省时间，很多系统先把图片压缩成小得多的版本，再在上面操作。训练用的图片从几亿到几十亿张不等，都是从网上收集来的，每张都带着文字说明。

第七页，十二分钟的磁带就够了。如今的语音系统用上了Transformer和类似扩散模型的方法，凭一段很短的录音就能模仿某个人的声音。十二分钟是故事里的设定，不是硬性规定。要紧的是，需要的录音少得惊人。

第十三页，机器唱得分毫不差，美兰却总跑调。这个细节是故事编的，背后的道理却是真的。程序从许多人的声音里学会了人声和唱歌通常是什么样，再从十二分钟的录音里学会了美兰的音色。所以它做出来的，是一个像她的声音，按大多数人的唱法在唱。它懂人声，却不懂她。不过，说图画模型从不照抄，也不对。2023年，卡利尼和同事发现，扩散模型能把少数训练图片几乎原样复现出来，这些图片大多在训练数据里出现过很多次。

第十四页和第十六页，同样的工具也能伪造真人。外婆从没说过“慧慧，妈妈为你骄傲”，程序却用她的声音，两秒钟就说出来了。这种伪造叫作深度伪造。它能骗人，也给说谎的人添了新借口，因为现在谁都可以说一段真录音是假的。研究者把这叫作“说谎者红利”。

第十六页，妈妈和小雨定了一个家庭暗号。这是个简单实用的防骗办法。家人之间或者公司内部约好一个暗语，谁打电话来要钱，都得先说出暗语。如今光听电话里的声音，已经证明不了什么了。

第十八页，磁带贴上了标签，浩然删掉了文件。现在有些相机和应用会给图片或录音附上一份带数字签名的记录，说明它是怎么生成的。有些程序会在生成的内容里藏一个水印。有些法律已经规定，生成的内容必须标注，人在跟机器对话时也必须被告知。检测伪造的工具也有用，但并不完全可靠。最老的办法依然最管用。它是从哪儿来的？是谁说的？

哪些是真的

一个造假，一个打假

2014年，古德费洛和同事提出了一种用两个网络生成图片的方法。一个网络从随机数出发生成图片，另一个负责分辨哪些是真图、哪些是生成的。论文把它们比作造假币的人和警察。到2010年代末，它们生成的人脸已经逼真得惊人。不过这种网络很难训练，大约从2021年起，在高质量图片生成上，它基本被扩散模型取代了。

灵感来自物理

“雪花”的点子来自物理学。2015年，索尔-迪克斯坦和同事最早提出了这个想法。2020年，何、杰恩和阿贝尔让它真正好用起来。2019年的宋和厄尔蒙，以及后来宋和同事的工作，从另一个角度得出了相通的方法。

手和数数

生成的图片常在这几处出错：数目、手、招牌上的字，还有东西之间怎么连在一起。模型学会的是图片看起来什么样，而不是世界是怎么构成的。它们一年比一年好，但还不完美。画这部漫画时，画师也碰到了同样的麻烦，所以每幅图都要一根手指一根手指地检查。

更早的语音模型

2016年的WaveNet直接生成原始声音，一次只生成一个采样点。2018年的Tacotron 2先把文字转成一张“声音的图”，也就是频谱图，再把它变成声音。另一头是语音识别，2022年的Whisper用68万小时带文字稿的音频训练而成。

真实的骗局

2024年初，工程公司奥雅纳在香港的一名财务人员参加了一场视频会议，会上的首席财务官和其他同事全是深度伪造的。会后他汇出了2亿港元，约合2560万美元。2024年1月，有人用模仿拜登总统声音的自动语音电话，劝新罕布什尔州选民不要投票。美国联邦通信委员会对幕后的顾问罚款600万美元。

标明是生成的

用标签表明一段录音是机器生成的，这种做法还很新，也不是每个程序都会加。隐藏的水印可能被破坏，检测工具也会两头出错，既会把真的当成假的，也会把假的当成真的。欧盟《人工智能法》规定，从2026年8月2日起，人们在与AI对话时必须被告知，某些生成内容也必须加以标注。

这是谁的声音？

训练这些程序的数据，很多都是未经同意收集来的，不少人认为这本该由自己做主。声音是一个人的一部分。能不能复制别人的声音，归根到底是同意的问题，相关法律还在制定之中。

出处Goodfellow and colleagues (2014), Generative adversarial networks.Dhariwal and Nichol (2021), Diffusion models beat GANs on image synthesis.Sohl-Dickstein and colleagues (2015), Deep unsupervised learning using nonequilibrium thermodynamics.Ho, Jain and Abbeel (2020), Denoising diffusion probabilistic models.Song and Ermon (2019), Generative modeling by estimating gradients of the data distribution.Rombach and colleagues (2022), High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models.Ho and Salimans (2022), Classifier-free diffusion guidance.Schuhmann and colleagues (2022), LAION-5B.Carlini and colleagues (2023), Extracting training data from diffusion models.van den Oord and colleagues (2016), WaveNet, a generative model for raw audio.Shen and colleagues (2018), Natural TTS synthesis by conditioning WaveNet on mel spectrogram predictions.Radford and colleagues (2022), Robust speech recognition via large-scale weak supervision.Chesney and Citron (2019), Deep fakes, a looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security.CNN (2024), British engineering giant Arup revealed as $25 million deepfake scam victim.Federal Communications Commission (2024), Forfeiture order on the New Hampshire robocalls.European Union (2024), the Artificial Intelligence Act (Article 50).

哪些是虚构的

桥城、小雨、陈外公、外婆美兰、妈妈、浩然、吴爷爷、浩然的爸爸和哈特女士都是虚构的。美兰的老磁带和她跑调的歌声、外公的歌《湖上的月亮》、那台录音机和无线电厂、浩然的声音程序、那十二分钟、1975年的那幅画、小灯、那趟航班和家庭暗号，也都是编的。故事发生在几年以后。外公的记忆状况不以任何真人为原型，故事也不作任何医学上的判断。用生成的声音让去世的亲人再开口，是安慰还是伤害，要由每个家庭自己掂量，没有唯一正确的答案。未经本人同意就复制一个真人的声音，会引出实实在在的同意问题，而在这个故事里，外婆已经无从问起。

谁做了这本漫画

这本漫画由 Yingying Fu 创作。故事和人物由她决定，每一页由她导演，每一句话、每一幅画由她修改。文字是和 Anthropic 的人工智能 Claude 一起起草的。画面由人工智能生成，按她的要求一格一格地画，再逐张检查、修正。

© 2026 Yingying Fu. All rights reserved.© 2026 傅颖盈。保留所有权利。